Sunday, December 31, 2017

Scientists Identify Hidden Genetic Variation that Helps Drive Evolution

Mairead Cain
Mr. Ippolito
A.P. Biology
2 January 2017


University of California - Irvine. "Scientists identify hidden genetic variation that helps drive
evolution." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 23 December 2017. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/12/171223134740.htm>.




For my current event report, I decided to read and analyze the article, “Scientists Identify
Hidden Genetic Variation that Helps Drive Evolution,” from the online news source
Science Daily.  The article discusses a team of researchers from the Ayala School
of Biological Sciences intent on identifying complex mutations.J.J. Emerson,
assistant professor of ecology & evolutionary biology at the school, led the study
on mutations. The study mainly focused on identifying a genetic variation in the
fruit fly genome. Mahul Chakraborty, the first author on the study, described
the study. "We uncovered a vast amount of hidden genetic variation during our
analyses, much of which affects important traits within the common fruit fly,
D. melanogaster." The team used extensive and complicated molecule
sequencing to discover the changes that alter the structure of the genome.
“With this unique resource in hand, we have already characterized several
candidate structural variation which show evidence for phenotypic adaptation,
which can function to drive species evolution," said J.J. Emerson. Researchers
involved in the investigation believe that the variation found in the fruit
flies indicate that our own genomes may have hidden variation as well.

Considering the fact that this article describes the complex discovery of a
newfound variation within fruit fly genomes, it is evident that the research
will have a profound effect on the future of the study of evolution. The article
discusses the study’s importance to the future of studying evolution and disease.
Their [the researchers involved] results will help push researchers closer
to understanding how complex mutations in genomes drive disease and
evolution.” Future studies involving genomes, possibly that of humans,
could help scientists further understand evolution and how it affects disease.
J.J. Emerson, the lead scientist on the project, also discussed its importance
to the research of evolution. "This study is the first of its kind in complex
organisms like the fruit fly.” If scientists find a way to investigate other
genomes and their specific variations, then they can likely make large strides
down the path of further understanding evolution.



Overall, I believe the article “Scientists Identify Hidden Genetic Variation
that Helps Drive Evolution,” was very well written and equally informative.
The authors easily simplify the advanced science behind the data to allow
all readers to be able to interpret the information given. Many of the terms used are
also defined and described. The authors go into amazing description when
discussing what the discovered variations in the genome of fruit flies means.
In an effort to improve the article, the authors should have discussed how,
exactly, the researchers involved in the project were able to identify the
variation. It would have also been beneficial to ask the researchers
responsible for the crucial discovery about how they plan on educating
the world on the new on their new advancements.

13 comments:

  1. Timothy Cushman
    Mr. Ippolito
    Ap Biology - Current Events Comment
    2 January 2018
    Current Events #12

    University of California - Irvine. "Scientists identify hidden genetic variation that helps drive
    evolution." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 23 December 2017.
    Mairead wrote a great review of the article “Scientists Identify Hidden Genetic Variation that Helps Drive Evolution.” One aspect of her review that was done well was incorporating quotes from the author and the researchers to help the reader gain a better understanding. For example, the quote, “With this unique resource in hand, we have already characterized several candidate structural variation…which can function to drive species evolution,” give the reader important information about how the data collected is important. Mairead was also able to make good connections to society. She was able to realize how this research can help with our understanding of evolution and how genomes drive diseases. This gave the reader an idea of how important this research is to everyone. Finally, she was able to identify weak areas in the article and offered suggestions for improvement. Mairead was able to realize that there was missing information about how “the researchers involved in the project were able to identify the variation.” This gave her review more credibility by identifying a flaw in the original article which helps show the reader she read the original article. Overall, Mairead wrote a very interesting and informative review of the article.
    Despite her review being great, there were two aspects that could be improved upon. Firstly, in her summary, she never gave actual data or examples. If she had included an example of a genetic mutation the researchers found it would have given her review credibility, by backing it up with data, while making her review more interesting. Another way she could improve her review would be to added definitions of some key terms. For example, she states “The team used extensive and complicated molecule sequencing to discover the changes…” Mairead never explains what molecule sequencing is leaving the reader wondering how the research was being done. By adding a short description of what they were doing would help further the readers understanding. These two additions would increase the readers understanding about the complicated topic that was being talked about.
    I chose to read Mairead’s review because of the title, “Scientists Identify Hidden Genetic Variation that Helps Drive Evolution.” I wanted to learn more about the hidden genetic variation and how it was impacting evolution. The article was very interesting and allowed me to better realize how all animals are connected. It is amazing how small fruit flies genes can have an impact our idea of evolution and can lead us to find more about our own evolution.

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  2. Julia Pabafikos
    AP Biology
    Mr. Ippolito
    January 2, 2017
    University of California - Irvine. "Scientists identify hidden genetic variation that helps drive evolution." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 23 December 2017. .
    Mairead Cain did a great job reviewing her article “Scientists identify hidden genetic variation that helps drive Evolution." from the online news source, Science Daily. I particularly enjoyed how Cain includes specific quotes from the team of researchers who are working on this discovery. By being able to give first hand responses and quotes from the scientists, Cain is able to emphasize the importance of this experiment. Additionally, I enjoyed that Cain mentioned the importance of this research and how it will have a big effect on the future of the study of evolution that can possibly give insight on certain diseases. Lastly, I enjoyed how Cain has short and concise paragraphs that got to the point fairly quickly and makes it very easy for her reader to follow along with her arguments.
    However, I do believe that Cain had two areas in her review in which she could improve upon. Primarily, I would recommend that after she states “The study mainly focused on identifying a genetic variation in the fruit fly genome.” she could possibly go into further detail about this genetic variation and whether or not there are any ties to humans. By doing so I believe she’d be able to further her point of how important this study for human evolution. Additionally, I would encourage Cain to further analyze her quotes after she introduces them. For example, Cain states “We uncovered a vast amount of hidden genetic variation during our
    analyses, much of which affects important traits within the common fruit fly, D. melanogaster." but does not go into further detail to state what traits or affected and what genetic variation has this effect.
    Overall, Cain did a great job creating a well written review that illustrates the importance of the study of evolution and how that could give us insight in certain diseases that plague humans. I personally chose to read this article because of the title and how important it is to stud evolution but also to understand that although evolution has been briefly studied there is always more to discover. Through reading about this research I believe it provided me with a clear understanding of how similar small animals such as fruit flies are to humans and how crucial they are to research.

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  3. AP Bio
    Olivia Scotti
    1/1/18
    Current Event # 12

    University of California - Irvine. "Scientists identify hidden genetic variation that helps drive
    evolution." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 23 December 2017. .

    There were many aspects of Mairead’s review written well. One part of her review that I felt she did particularly well was her description of genetic variations in the genes of fruit flies. For instance she states how “Researchers involved in the investigation believe that the variation found in the fruit flies indicate that our own genomes may have hidden variation as well.” Through this summary the reader is able to understand the main point of the article that is being reviewed. Another part of the review which was done well was the addition of quotes from research on this topic. For example, “Mahul Chakraborty, the first author on the study, described the study.“We uncovered a vast amount of hidden genetic variation during our analyses, much of which affects important traits within the common fruit fly,D. melanogaster.” Through this the reader understands what research was conducted. This is also allows the reader to understand the tone of the article through direct quotes from the passage. Another part of the review that was done well was her ability to describe how this discovery is beneficial to the rest of the world. For instance she states, “Future studies involving genomes, possibly that of humans, could help scientists further understand evolution and how it affects disease.” This strengthened her review because the reader was able to see how research is useful for a lot of the population.
    Although there were many parts of Mairead’s review written well there were areas for improvement. One part of her review which could have been improved was her critique paragraph. Although she did mention the negatives and positives of the article I wish she had been less general when stating her positives and gone into more detail. Through adding more specific details about the positives of the article the reader would have had a better understanding of the article. Another part of the article that could have been improved was if she added more details about the new discoveries that could occur from this study. Also this would help strengthen her description of the research as a whole.
    Overall, I felt Mairead wrote a strong review of this article which the reader could easily understand. Her review was written clearly and smoothly which allowed the reader to learn about the topic more easily and understand the research conducted. I enjoyed reading this review because I learned more about how studying different genome can make a large difference in our own lives. Also through adding so many details about the how lack of sleep can harm you the reader was able to clearly understand the benefits of people researching this topic. Overall, I liked how she described the research that was done and the effects on the present world. Through her discussion of this article the reader got a better grasp on the topic and the importance of this new research.



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  4. Abbey Thomas
    Mr. Ippolito
    AP Biology
    2 January 2018
    University of California - Irvine. "Scientists identify hidden genetic variation that helps drive
    evolution." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 23 December 2017. .
    For this current event, I reviewed Mairead’s response to “Scientists Identify Hidden Genetic Variation That Helps Drive Evolution”, which is a report from the University of California at Irvine. One thing that Mairead did very well in her current event is her evaluation of the author and the article. Mairead not only writes that the author used a lot of detail, but also backed her claim with evidence of times that the author was very descriptive. The use of evidence was a good addition to her response because it proves her point. Another aspect that Mairead did well was that she includes addition information on the importance and significance of the identified gene variation. Mairead writes that this new discovery will open up many more research opportunities in the future. Lastly, Mairead included 3 different quotes in her analysis of the article, and these quotes enhance the understanding of the article.
    While Mairead did many excellent thing in her response to the University of California study on Genetic variation, there are some small improvements that could be made. One of the additions that Mairead could make was add more introductory information on how this genetic variation fueled evolution. She does well at including that the find is significant, but does not go into much detail about how this variation helped evolution. Another piece of information that Mairead could add is more information on the future experiments. In her second paragraph, she mentions that this find will lead to many other studies, but would these studies also be on fruit flies, or will they look for this variation in other places?
    Mairead’s response was very informative, and enhanced my understanding of genetics. I did not know that simpier genomes, like the ones of fruit flies, can help scientists locate important medical or agricultural adaptations possible in other, more complex, genomes like humans.

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  5. Susie Goodell
    Mr. Ippolito
    AP Biology
    1/2/17
    University of California - Irvine. "Scientists identify hidden genetic variation that helps drive
    evolution." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 23 December 2017. .
    Current Event 12
    For this current event, I read my classmate Mairead’s review of the article “Scientists Identify Hidden Genetic Variation that Helps Drive Evolution” from Science Daily. This piece discusses research done by a team of scientists from the Ayala School of Biological Sciences. Mairead did a great job on her review. She included multiple quotes from researchers that provide support for her statements and give more credibility. She also analyzed the article very well; she explained each of her opinions about what the author did badly or nicely. Mairead wrote a wonderful paragraph on the importance of the findings that clearly relates the impact the results will have on our world and the study of evolution.
    Despite all of the good aspects of this review, there are a few areas in which it could be improved. First, Mairead could add more details about what experiments occurred and the findings in her summary of the article. It is hard for readers to picture and legitimize the actions that the researchers took with the amount of detail given. Also, the process described by the scientists may be confusing for some readers. Secondly, she could add more information about future studies related to this one. She mentions multiple times that the findings from the study discussed in the article can be used in future experiments, but she doesn’t include specifics.
    It is really surprising to find out that there may be hidden genomes in humans. This would change the study of genetics and evolution and would cause scientists to rethink previous conclusions. If it is proven that there are hidden genomes in humans, our view of evolution would transform. Mairead’s review was very well-written and has peaked my interest in this topic. I will continue to look for progress in this field as more research occurs.

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  6. Cory Ramundo
    Mr. Ippolito
    Ap Biology
    2 January 2018
    University of California - Irvine. "Scientists identify hidden genetic variation that helps drive
    evolution." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 23 December 2017. .
    Mairead Cain wrote a very interesting review on the article "Scientists identify hidden genetic variation that helps drive evolution." One of the many things that Mairead does well is incorporate many quotes from the author to establish her credibility. With the quotes from the author, the readers are more inclined to believe Mairead as it is coming straight from the article. This furthers Mairead’s argument, and is a great technique that she takes advantage of. It can be seen when she quotes, ‘“With this unique resource in hand, we have already characterized several candidate structural variation…which can function to drive species evolution.”’ Not only does Mairead also do a great job of presenting the information from the article, but she gives an excellent critique of it. She called the author out for missing information by saying, “In an effort to improve the article, the authors should have discussed how, exactly, the researchers involved in the project were able to identify the variation.” This lets the reader know if this article is indeed worth reading, and gives an overall rating on the author. Lastly, Mairead does a great job of showing how this connects to society. She proved the relevance of this discovery to genomes and evolution, and shows how it truly is an amazing discovery. By doing so it shows the reader how important the discovery really is by putting it into perspective.
    Although she does a couple of good things, there is also some area for improvement. Although she shows the impact of the discovery, she does not provide much data or evidence to how it was discovered. This is crucial information for the reader, and without it, the reader can become skeptical if the discovery is credible. Lastly, there were some spelling and grammatical errors in her review, which could have been addressed. It distracts the reader from the main discovery, and this mistake could have been avoided altogether if it had been proofread.
    All in all Mairead wrote an amazing review that discussed genetic variation and evolution. The most interesting thing to me was that studying genomes for small fruit flies can be useful for studying human genomes, and finding hidden medical adaptations for humans. This just shows how much there is still unknown regarding evolution.

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  7. David Weild
    Mr. Ippolito
    AP Biology
    January 2, 2018
    CE 12
    University of California - Irvine. "Scientists identify hidden genetic variation that helps drive
    evolution." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 23 December 2017. .

    I chose to read Mairead’s review of “Scientists Identify Hidden Genetic Variation that Helps Drive Evolution” by Science Daily. This piece talks about research made by scientists from the Ayala School of Biological Sciences. In Mairead’s review she did an outstanding job. She used many quotes from researchers which support her statements and give more credibility to her writing. In addition, her explanation of what the author did or did not do was very strong.The importance paragraph about the findings clearly relates the article to science today.

    While she did do some things amazing, there are a few aspects of her review she could have improved on. First, Mairead could have included in more detail about how and why each experiment was done. This would help the reader to understand the article more easily. Lastly, she could have added information regarding studies which could possibly happen in the future. Her specificity in the review lacks and if she could fix this the reader again would be able to relate to her review and come away with the big idea much quicker.

    I was surprised that there may be hidden genomes in humans. This would mean that change of the study of genetics and evolution would occur and in result could cause scientists to question past research projects. As a result, the population could change their whole mindset on the study of genetics. I enjoyed reading my classmate’s review. I can’t wait to read more. After reading this, I will look for more completed research about genetics to fulfill my yearning for knowledge.

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  8. Robby Schetlick
    Mr. Ippolito
    AP Biology
    2 January 2017

    Citation: University of California - Irvine. "Scientists identify hidden genetic variation that helps drive evolution." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 23 December 2017.

    Mairead Cain’s review this cycle was for an article by ScienceDaily titled: “Scientists identify hidden genetic variation that helps drive evolution.” Her review is on par with many of her reviews in the past and maintains a high quality throughout. The first thing that she does particularly well is use quotations and evidence from the text. Constantly, she pulls little snippets that help describe and clarify her points, but also stay on objective. None of her choices feel forced, making her article a smoother read. For example, she quotes Mahul Chakraborty with an introduction and then writes ‘"We uncovered a vast amount of hidden genetic variation during our analyses, much of which affects important traits within the common fruit fly,D. Melanogaster."’ it fits in seamlessly with her summary,and there are plenty of other instances where she does it well. The second good aspect of her review is her clarification. She defines any vocabulary, and uses brackets to describe any unclear parts of her quotations. For example, she uses “[“ and “]” to clarify unclear pronouns. It appears like so in her writing: ‘“Their [the researchers involved]...”’ A third thing that she does well is her organization. She follows the 3 paragraph structure nicely, but also has a good flow and progression that is loyal to her review style. She doesn’t slice her writing into thirds, but instead uses each section as part of a single narrative that branches out.

    Her article could be improved with a few minor edits and style changes. Firstly, her formatting is strange after she uses quotations. For instance, after her quotation that ends with “...phenotypic adaptation,” there is an awkward paragraph break that is a bit confusing and slows down the reader. She should fix this by connecting her quotations to fit in a solid block to text, to clarify that the quotation and text after it all belong the same paragraph and idea. The second thing that she could do to improve the article would be to be more descriptive and genuine with her ideas. This includes her last opening sentence, which begins with “Overall,...” which feels like a weak way to connect her ideas. Saying that she “analyzed” article sounds somewhat vague and out of place as well. She could fix this by changing her vocabulary to be more focused on reporting her finding as opposed to her process of reading the article, and being more descriptive.

    This article was particularly interesting to me because I am interested in evolution now that Humans have the ability to mutate and control their own evolution using technology. With this gene, it is becoming more and more likely that humans will be able to use evolution to improve themselves and get closer to the future. This gene in fruit flies is the first step to finding a similar on in humans, which will give us more insight and clues into how evolution really works.

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  9. Luke Redman
    Mr. Ippolito
    AP Biology
    January 3rd, 2018
    Current Event 12
    University of California - Irvine. "Scientists identify hidden genetic variation that helps drive
    evolution." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 23 December 2017. .

    I chose to read Mairead’s review of “Scientists Identify Hidden Genetic Variation that Helps Drive Evolution” by Science Daily. The article talks about research from the Ayala School of Biological Sciences. She did a great job weaving quotes into her writing, along with how those quotes supported the topic. She also kept the language in the review reasonably simple, which elevated the experience. Another thing she did well was critique the author, and give reasonable criticisms.

    While her review was very well written, there were some areas that she could have improved. She could have included more details about the actual experiment which would have enriched the overall experience of reading the review.Lastly, she could have explained what the experiment meant for the development of the human race.

    I was surprised about the hidden genomes, which was mentioned in the article. Overall, Mairead’s article was extremely well written, and I look forward to reading another one of her reviews.

    ReplyDelete
  10. Cindy Kwok
    Current Events 13

    University of California - Irvine. "Scientists identify hidden genetic variation that helps drive
    evolution." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 23 December 2017. .

    I read Mairead’s review on the article “Scientists identify hidden genetic variation that helps drive evolution." One area that was well done was the way she connected the article to its benefit for humanity. She explained through the use of a quote that it was necessary for our understanding of diseases and other genetic mutations when understanding the new discovery of a genetic variation found in fruit flies. Another area that was well done was her critique. She explained how detailed the article was and listed several areas that could be worked on, specific to her article (rather than being broad). Lastly, she did well on her usage of quotes which were incorporated nicely into her review. Overall, it enhanced her writing rather than being randomly stuck there.
    An area that could have been better was with the font (bold) and the spacing. The bold font mixed with how sometimes (especially in her summary), there was one line with a single letter made it difficult to read. This could leave people uninterested in reading the rest and cuts off flow from the rest of her review. Another area she could work on is with her summary. It was good in the broad sense, but to make it more appealing, statistics could have been added along with more specifics of the discovery. Because it was broad, there wasn’t much more that readers couldn’t have guessed from the title of the article in her summary.
    The review and article was interesting because of how relevant it is. In class, we are working on genetics at the moment, and have emphasized how large a unit evolution is in biology. I liked seeing what we were learning being able to be applied to the real world rather than just being a class that we took.

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  11. Ava Austi
    AP Biology
    Current Event #13
    1/9/18
    University of California - Irvine. "Scientists identify hidden genetic variation that helps drive
    evolution." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 23 December 2017.
    www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/12/171223134740.htm
    Mairead wrote a great review based off the article “Scientists identify hidden genetic variation that helps drive evolution” from Science Daily. The article discusses a team of researchers from the Ayala School of Biological Sciences intent on identifying complex mutations.J.J. Emerson, assistant professor of ecology & evolutionary biology at the school, led the study on mutations. Throughout the review of the article, there were many aspects that Mairead did well in order to write a great review. Firstly, Mairead did a excellent job of incorporating quotes from the article. For example, the quote, “With this unique resource in hand, we have already characterized several candidate structural variation…which can function to drive species evolution.” This allowed me as a reader to gain a better understanding of how the data collected was important. I also really enjoyed how Mairead connected her article to society. She was able to realize how this research can help with our understanding of evolution and how genomes drive diseases. This gave the reader an idea of how important this research is to societies. Lastly, Mairead successfully identified both the strengths and weaknesses of the article, while also including advice for improvement. Mairead successfully wrote a clear and interesting review of the article she read.
    Although Mairead presented a great review of the article, there were some aspects where she could have improved. Firstly, in her summary, she never gave any specific data or examples. If she did this, it would have made her review more interesting and less confusing for the readers. Also, it would have been beneficial for Mairead if she further analyzed her quotes after she presented them. These issues are both easy to fix in order to make Mairead’s review even better. Even though there were some parts of the review that Mairead could have improved, I think she wrote a great review of the article.
    I thought Mairead did a great job in writing her review and I really enjoyed reading it. I chose this article because of how important it is to study evolution and understand that although evolution has been briefly studied, there is always more to learn. From reading this, I learned more about how studying different genome can make a large difference in our own lives. After reading Mairead’s review, I want to learn more about this topic. Overall, I think Mairead successfully wrote a clear and detailed review of her article.

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  12. Charlie Gay
    1/9/18
    AP Biology
    Mr. Ippolito
    Current Events 13
    https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/12/171223134740.htm
    “Scientists Identify Hidden Genetic Variation That Helps Drive Evolution.” ScienceDaily, ScienceDaily, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/12/171223134740.htm.
    I really enjoyed reading Mairead’s review on the article “Scientists Identify Hidden Genetic Variation That Helps Drive Evolution.” I really liked her critique of the article because I had many of the same opinions. She wrote, “The authors easily simplify the advanced science behind the data to allow all readers to be able to interpret the information given. Many of the terms used are also defined and described.” This is exactly what I was thinking when I was reading her review. Even though a lot of information is presented it is still presented in a way that is easy to understand. I also liked how Mairead included quotes from the article. She included the quote: "We uncovered a vast amount of hidden genetic variation during our
    analyses, much of which affects important traits within the common fruit fly,
    D. melanogaster." The inclusion of quotes from the article adds to the credibility of her review and allows the readers to hear directly from experts on the topic. Lastly, I really liked how Mairead was able to connect this newly discovered information back to humans because it makes a personal connection with the reader.
    There are some areas of Mairead’s review that could have used improvement. One way she could have improved her review is that she could have improved on her formating. She writes her review in bold but her header was not in bold and I think it would have been much easier for the reader to read her review if it was not in bold. Another thing that she could have done better is that she should have explained what “molecule sequencing” was. She did a great job of defining the other scientific terms but forgot to explain what this was, which hurt my understanding of her review.
    I really enjoyed reading Mairead’s review. I chose this review because the topic of identifying variation in the fruit fly genome seemed very relevant to what were are currently doing in class. I thought that the knowledge I have already learned would help me understand this article and build on my knowledge. I wish that the article went into further depth on how the study was conducted, but overall it was a very good article. I learned a lot about how genetic variation leads to evolution and want to read more articles on this topic and maybe see how this study could apply to humans. Overall this was a very well written review on a very interesting article.

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  13. Isabella Dibbini
    Mr. Ippolito
    AP Biology
    6 February 2018

    University of California - Irvine. "Scientists identify hidden genetic variation that helps drive
    evolution." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 23 December 2017. .
    www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/12/171223134740.htm

    Mairead wrote an excellent review of the article “Scientists Identify Hidden Genetic Variation that Helps Drive Evolution,” from the online news source Science Daily. She created a great summary of the article, and included all of the main points that the author addressed. Also, Mairead does a great job of connecting this idea to society, by addressing future generations. Lastly, she does a great job of supporting her ideas with evidence directly from the article. For example, she quotes Mahul Charkraborty, the author on the study, when she states “"We uncovered a vast amount of hidden genetic variation during our analyses, much of which affects important traits within the common fruit fly, D. melanogaster."
    This review is extremely well written, however, there are a few small things that she could change to make it even better. For instance, if Mairead wanted to make her review even more interesting, she could have done outside research, which would allow her to incorporate additional information. Also, Mairead could improve her review if she added more detail.
    After reading her review of the article “Scientists Identify Hidden Genetic Variation that Helps Drive Evolution,” from the online news source Science Daily, I learned how this topic was relevant to our society today. Overall, this review was very interesting and shows a great understanding of this article.



    ReplyDelete